studies show that 2/3 of the ice cap reserve has been lost to climate change mostly in the last 150 years. Studies show that the rise of GHG particles in air which contribute to the increase in temperatures has risen from 200 to 421 in only 150 years. The heat rise due to the increase of particles per million in the air led to a rise in water temperatures and ice melt under water decreases its density. Because of this, the ice cap above the surface starts calving. If the ppm reaches a level of 600 to 800, we will lose all ice reserves and sea level rise will reach 80 m. which will lead to global catastrophe. Currently, the PPM is rising at an average of 2ppm per year which is extremely high. The last reading shows 421 ppm in different areas of the world. Sensorial readings are captured by air sensors and by air samples collected from different stations around the world where scientists collect air samples every week from remote stations and brought back to the lab for testing. These remote sensors are placed in 20 different spots including Northern Alberta, Canada, and all the way south in Australia. Studies show if we reach 600 ppm not only the water rises but also the air jet stream trajectories will change and the cold and hot air stream will get mixed and affect global agricultural zones which will lead to global shortage in agricultural production and resources. This is the beginning of an apocalypse.
Ice melt has been accelerating more every year in the last 10 years. Ice meltwater runoff traverses the ground and releases into the ocean. In its way, it carves and scars the land creates water runoff, and releases methane by defrosting the permafrost layer on the ground. This layer is very sensitive to temperatures and when it melts it uncovers frozen rotten plants which get decomposed by bacteria and it releases methane which is 15 times more CO2 loaded than any other gas. This map shows the projected water runoff of the ice melts from all the Icelandic glaciers until 2100. A study done by the Icelandic government and university.
Water runoff will return to the ocean and this would lead to sea level rise. Currently, the sea level rise in Iceland is 2cm per year. And that is very high. As Iceland most cities are located at the edge of the water, sea level rise is a touchy subject and the Icelandic government is aware of it and making efforts to reduce carbon consumption by 30% by 2040 as per their Paris Agreement and making effort to year 40% by 2050 as their own national target. One of the Icelandic strategies to reach their carbon neutrality goal is a reforestation program introduced and funded by the Icelandic government, which aims to replant trees to sequester CO2 into the ground. The only issue is that this program has not been so successful because once planted into the ground, 70% of trees fail to grow, as they are planted in their sapling stage of growth which is more sensible to seasonal weather change and because of animal hoarding. Because of the temperature changes in Iceland, the agricultural zone has changed and grown, allowing more land to have more favorable conditions for planting trees and vegetation.
The project proposal is to install 4 self-autonomous sensorial observatories around Myrdalsjokul glacier to measure the GHG level activity.
Site selection started with a wind study around the glacier. Which helped select 4 sites for the sensorial observatories to capture data from different altitudes and around the glacier. The sites are remote and do not offer much accessibility some of which sit on ice and have wind gusts of 150 km per hour which is very sensible ground to be working with.